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Can One Partner Commit Another to a Business Deal Without the Other's Consent?
A partnership is about two or more people working together to build a business.
That means sharing in the decision making process.
While people may be comfortable working with others, they may not be willing to surrender decision-making power. In many cases, a partner will be able to bind the partnership without the other owners’ consent.
However, steps can be taken to prevent any one partner from entering into an agreement
without the consent of the others.
Partnership in General
There are actually two types of partnerships: general and limited.
In a general partnership, all co-owners have equal power and rights to the business’ income.
This equal power includes the ability to make managerial decisions.
In exchange for these rights, all the partners are personally liable for the business’ liabilities. This means if the partnership runs out of income, the partners need to make up the difference. With limited partnerships, one set of partners have full managerial control over the business and power while another set does not. While the limited partners cannot enter into agreements that would bind the business, they are also not personally liable for the business’ debts.
Uniform Partnership Act
Partnerships are organized under state law, so the underlying rules depend on where your business is located.
The Uniform Partnership Act has been adopted by 37 states as of November 2011, making it the best basis for general discussions on partnership law.
Under the UPA, all general partners have equal rights in managing and conducting the business.
However, this right is not absolute.
The partners owe each other a duty of loyalty and care.
This means that when a partner takes an action that could bind the partnership, she must take action that would benefit the entirety of the business and not just enrich her.
She also cannot take actions that are grossly negligent or reckless.
She also cannot participate in intentional misconduct or break the law.
Apparent Authority
Regardless of partnership law, an owner can still bind a business if she acts under apparent authority.
If a third party enters into a contract with a representative of a business and the third party reasonably believes that the representative can bind the business, the contract is valid.
Whether the belief is reasonable that a person can bind a business depends on how the business presents the agent to the third party.
If a business introduces a person as a partner, that may be a reasonable basis for apparent authority.
Limiting Authority
Partnerships are organized under partnership agreements, which define the rules by which a partnership operates.
Careful structuring of the agreement can limit the authority of other partners to make agreements without consensus and create penalties for unilateral action.
Another way to protect against a partner authorizing agreements without consensus is to inform entities you are doing business with that no single partner can bind the business.
This would prevent any apparent authority defense.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ClnLGfUsRo&t=483s
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